Assiniboia refers to a number of different locations and administrative jurisdictions in Canada.

It was the name of the proposed Métis province in Canada, notably during the Red River Rebellion. Assiniboia was to have stretched from near the Red River to the Canadian Rockies. This was unacceptable to the eastern Canadians, who were seeking to expand onto the prime farmland in the west.

The District of Assiniboia was later created (1882) as a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. Most of it was absorbed into the Province of Saskatchewan in 1905, except for the westernmost quarter, which became part of Alberta.

Assiniboia is also a town in south central Saskatchewan.

Assiniboia is also the name of a current provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Manitoba. For information on this district, see Assiniboia (Manitoba riding).