The Autumn Harvest Uprising was an insurrection that took place in Hunan province in China in 1927, led by Mao Zedong (later known as Chairman Mao).

Mao led a small army of peasants to fight the nationalist party of Guomindang (Kuomintang) and the landlords of Hunan. The uprising was defeated by Guomindang forces and Mao was forced to retreat to Jiangxi province where he reverted to guerilla tactics prior to the Long March of 1934.