Chikugo (筑後国; Chikugo no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the southern part of Fukuoka prefecture, on Kyushu. Chikugo bordered on Hizen, Chikuzen, Bungo, and Higo Provinces.

The ancient capital of the province was located near the modern city of Kurume, Fukuoka; in the Edo period the province was divided into two fiefs: the Tachibana clan held a western fief at Yanagawa, and the Arima clan held an eastern fief at Kurume.