Eastern Illinois University was established in 1895 as the Eastern Illinois State Normal School. Originally a teacher's college offering a two-year degree, it gradually expanded its curriculum to include Baccalaureate and Master's degrees in most of the arts, sciences, and humanities. Eastern Illinois University has prominent Communication Disorders and Sciences and Biological Sciences programs, though the College of Education remains the largest department. There are approximately 10,000 undergraduates, 1,700 graduate students, and 2,000 faculty and staff.
The first building was finished in 1899 and is known as Old Main. Built of Indiana limestone in a heavy Gothic revival style with turrets, towers, and battlements, its distinctive outline is the official symbol of the school. Old Main is one of the five "castles" built in the 1890s at the major Illinois state colleges. The others are at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Illinois State University, Northern Illinois University, and Southern Illinois University. Governor John Peter Altgeld was instrumental in funding the Illinois university system, and he was especially fond of the Gothic style. EIU is the only one of the five schools where the "castle" is not named after Altgeld. Another original Gothic Revival building, Blair Hall, is being restored after a after a disastrous fire in 2004.