During the course of the Ottoman wars in Europe, the War of the Holy League (1682 - 1699) was marked by the rise of a new Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI and composed of the Holy Roman Empire (headed by the Habsburg Austria), the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684 and joined by the Russian Empire in 1686.

The war involved the second Battle of Vienna in 1683 and the second Battle of Mohács in 1687. The Russian involvement marked the beginning of the Russo-Turkish Wars. The League eventually won the war in 1699 and forced the Ottoman Empire to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz.