James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury (October 23 1861–April 4 1947) was the eldest son and heir of the Victorian statesman Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. He was educated at Eton and at University College, Oxford. He succeeded his father in 1903. He was married to Lady Cicely Gore, of the earls of Arran; their children included the 5th Marquess of Salisbury and the writer Lord David Cecil.

The 4th Marquess was a notable Conservative leader in the House of Lords, and he served in his cousin Arthur Balfour's government as Lord Privy Seal (1903-1905), and later in those of Andrew Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin as Lord President of the Council (1922-1924). He resigned as leader of the Conservative peers in June 1931 and became one of the most prominent opponents of Indian Home Rule in the Lords, supporting the campaign against the legislation waged in the Commons by Winston Churchill.

He was Lord High Steward for the coronation of George VI in 1937.

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Gerald William Balfour | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |President of the Board of Trade
1905 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
David Lloyd George

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Sir William Sutherland | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1922–1923 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
JCC Davidson

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
Arthur James Balfour | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Lord President of the Council
1922–1924 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
The Lord Parmoor

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
John Robert Clynes | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Lord Privy Seal
1924–1929 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
James Henry Thomas

|- style="text-align: center;" | width="30%" |Preceded by:
The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston | width="40%" style="text-align: center;" |Leader of the House of Lords
1925–1929 | width="30%" |Succeeded by:
The Lord Parmoor