Erich Kähler (16 January 1906 - 31 May 2000) was a German mathematician with wide-ranging geometrical interests. He was born in Leipzig, and studied there. He held professorial positions in Königsberg, Leipzig, Berlin and Hamburg. Later in life he became interested in general philosophical issues.

As a mathematician he is known for a number of contributions: the Cartan-Kähler theorem on singular solutions of non-linear analytic differential systems; the idea of a Kähler metric on complex manifolds; and the Kähler differentials, which provide a purely algebraic theory and have generally been adopted in algebraic geometry. In all of these the theory of differential forms plays a part, and Kähler counts as a major developer of the theory from its formal genesis with Elie Cartan.

His earlier work was on celestial mechanics; and he was one of the forerunners of scheme theory, though his ideas on that were never widely adopted.