Kozuke (上野国; Kōzuke-no kuni) was an old province located in Tosando of Japan, which today composes Gunma prefecture.

The ancient provincial capital was near modern Maebashi. During the Sengoku period, Kozuke was controlled variously by Takeda Shingen, Uesugi Kenshin, the Hojo clan, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. The main town was Takasaki, near Maebashi.