Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元 Mōri Terumoto, January 22, 1553 – April 27, 1625) was the son of Mori Takamoto , fought against Toyotomi Hideyoshi but was eventually overcome, participated in the Kyushu campaign (1587) on Hideyoshi's side and built Hiroshima Castle .

Terumoto was a member of the council of five regents appointed by Hideyoshi. At the height of his power in late 16th century, Terumoto controlled 1.2 million koku. This means he could mobilize more than 120,000 men to a battle.

He sided against Tokugawa Ieyasu but was not present at the Battle of Sekigahara. Terumoto was in Osaka Castle defending Toyotomi Hideyori at the time and surrendered to Ieyasu soon after Sekigahara. Ieyasu reduced Terumoto's domains, leaving him only Nagato and Suō provinces, worth 369,000 koku in total.

He is believed to having been a below-average general on and off the battle field, having lacked motivation and will. He made little impact in these final years of the Sengoku period, often having his subordinates and lesser members of clan fight instead. It is believed that if he fought in Sekigahara or brought Hideyori to the battle field, Ieyasu would have been defeated instead. However, he managed his domain well and successfully held the Mōri clan together even when his domain was reduced to a third.