Roberto Eduardo Viola Prevedini (October 13 1924 – September 30 1994) was a military officer who briefly served as interim president of Argentina from March 29 to December 11, 1981 during a period of military rule. He was ousted by a military coup in December 1981, led by the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri.

In 1983 he was arrested and sentenced to 17 years in prison for human rights violations committed by the military junta during the Dirty War.